Florida takes recreational marijuana to the polls: What to know

Florida's Supreme Court approved a recreational marijuana constitutional amendment for the November 2024 statewide ballot, despite Florida Gov. Ron Desantis' and other Florida politicians' opposition to the amendment.

The amendment, which would legalize recreational marijuana for adults, was approved in a five to two vote.

What is the amendment?

Amendment 3 will legalize the "non-medical personal use of marijuana products and marijuana accessories by an adult" 21 or older if approved by 60% or more of statewide voters.

If approved, when would it take effect?

It would take effect six months after the election.

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Failed attempts

In 2021, the court rejected two proposed constitutional amendments for recreational marijuana. But this time five justices ruled favorably on the measure with only two opposing.

Who led the campaign to get Amendment 3 on the ballot?

The amendment was the subject of a multi-million-dollar campaign, spearheaded by Smart & Safe Florida. The group collected over $40 million in recent years to fund their efforts. 

How many states legalized recreational marijuana?

Two dozen states have already legalized recreational weed.

Isn't weed already legal in Florida?

Medical marijuana is legal in Florida. In 2016, 71% of voters voted to legalize it.

However, recreational use of the plant is still illegal.

How to get a measure on Florida's ballot:

• First, to get a measure on the Florida ballot, supporters must first get 891,523 signatures from residents.
• Then, the Supreme Court must decide whether the amendment language sticks to a single subject and isn’t misleading, which can be a difficult threshold to overcome.

But, for the majority of justices, Amendment 3 met that bar.

"In light of those limited considerations, we approve the proposed amendment for placement on the ballot," Justice Jamie Grosshans, appointed by Gov. Ron DeSantis, in the majority opinion.

How many states could see recreational use legalized?

Currently, five states could legalize recreational marijuana in 2024.

Those states are:

• Florida
• Hawaii
• Pennsylvania 
• New Hampshire
• South Dakota

More than just Marijuana on Florida's ballot

On the same day, the state's Supreme Court effectively upheld a six-week abortion ban and approved a ballot measure that would guarantee access to abortion, even further raising the stakes of an already-pivotal presidential election.

Florida attorney general opposes recreational pot

Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody had argued against the ballot measure. She said it didn't overcome the threshold, accusing it of being misleading.

She also said it gave an unfair advantage to Trulieve, Florida's largest medical marijuana operator, which has contributed the vast majority of the funds for Smart & Safe Florida's campaign.

In a statement Monday afternoon, Trulieve CEO Kim Rivers applauded the decision, saying in an email, "We look forward to supporting this campaign as it heads to the ballot this Fall."

Medical marijuana came to Florida following a 2016 ballot measure that more than 71% of voters approved. Past polling has shown a wide swath of Floridians supporting the 2024 measure.

DeSantis, who's appointed five of the court's seven justices, had predicted they would OK the recreational marijuana measure but recently said he worried about the smell of the substance.

“I’ve gone to some of these cities that have had this everywhere, it smells, there’s all these things,” DeSantis said at a press conference in early March. “I don’t want to ... walk in front of shops and have this. I don’t want every hotel to really smell.”

DeSantis also said he was concerned that that the referendum, were it to pass, would prevent the state from placing restrictions on where and when marijuana can be consumed, even allowing it to be smoked near schools. He said the amendment was written with "the broadest language I've ever seen."

Justice Meredith Sasso, a DeSantis appointee who was one of the dissenters, wrote that she believed the amendment misled voters. For example, she pointed to how the amendment said it "allows" recreational marijuana.

Moody had argued in court filings that it's incorrect for the petitioners to say the amendment is going to “allow” marijuana, even if it becomes legal in Florida, like it already is in more than 20 other states. That’s misleading, she says, since it’s unlawful federally.

But Grosshans wrote for the majority the "the summary is not misleading for failure to warn that the amendment only covers Florida law and not federal law," citing the court's previous medical marijuana rulings.

When Supreme Court heard arguments:Florida Supreme Court hears challenge to recreational marijuana amendment

Medical marijuana already allowed:Medical marijuana in Florida: Here's how to get an ID card, what conditions qualify

Read Florida Supreme Court ruling on marijuana

This reporting content is supported by a partnership with Freedom Forum and Journalism Funding Partners. USA TODAY Network-Florida First Amendment reporter Douglas Soule can be reached at [email protected].